Urban green spaces are critical in making our cities more resilient to climate change. These green spaces provide a wealth of benefits known as ecosystem services, including cleaner air, temperature regulation, and improved water management. However, access to these green spaces and their associated benefits is often unevenly distributed across a city. Globally, wealthier neighborhoods tend to have more green space, while marginalized communities, often with higher proportions of black and brown residents, may have less. This raises important questions about equity and environmental justice in Brazil’s largest cities: Are the benefits of urban green spaces distributed equitably? Does the type and quality of vegetation in these spaces influence the ecosystem services they provide? How can we use this knowledge to inform urban planning and policy to ensure all residents can access a healthy urban environment? Could access to the benefits of nature be considered a luxury good in Brazil’s urban centers?