Although the pivotal role of Indigenous peoples in biodiversity conservation is widely recognized, the links between environmental degradation, biodiversity loss, and the displacement of Indigenous communities from their lands are not well understood. Often, the destruction of ecosystems and the loss of species coincide with or follow the forced removal of Indigenous peoples. Furthermore, the transformative potential of returning land to Indigenous stewardship—referred to as “reterritorialization”—for triggering positive socioecological cascades has not yet been fully recognized. This project proposes a holistic investigation of the cultural and physical erasure of Indigenous groups (genocide) and the destruction of their territories (ecocide). Together, these processes can result in epistemicide: the loss of valuable Indigenous knowledge systems associated with ecosystem management and biodiversity. Focusing on the Borum-Kren (resurgent Botocudos) of the Uaimií Valley in the Espinhaço Range of the state of Minas Gerais allows this study to explore how territory reclamation fosters local and regional socio-ecological benefits. These processes may restore collective memory, reinforce biocultural identity, and promote multifunctional landscapes where environmental regeneration, biodiversity protection, and community well-being are mutually reinforcing.